2.4. DHCP协议¶
2.4.1. 简介¶
动态主机配置协议 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,DHCP) 是一个用于局域网的网络协议,位于OSI模型的应用层,使用UDP协议工作,主要用于自动分配IP地址给用户,方便管理员进行统一管理。
DHCP服务器端使用67/udp,客户端使用68/udp。DHCP运行分为四个基本过程,分别为请求IP租约、提供IP租约、选择IP租约和确认IP租约。客户端在获得了一个IP地址以后,就可以发送一个ARP请求来避免由于DHCP服务器地址池重叠而引发的IP冲突。
2.4.2. DCHP 报文格式¶
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| op (1) | htype (1) | hlen (1) | hops (1) |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| xid (4) |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| secs (2) | flags (2) |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| ciaddr (4) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| yiaddr (4) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| siaddr (4) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| giaddr (4) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| chaddr (16) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| sname (64) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| file (128) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| options (variable) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
2.4.3. 参考链接¶
2.4.3.1. RFC¶
RFC 3397 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Domain Search Option
RFC 3442 Classless Static Route Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 4
RFC 3942 Reclassifying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4) Options
RFC 4242 Information Refresh Time Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6